Particular English affixes, instance re-, install easily so you can language off each other provide
Though English is a great Germanic vocabulary, and more than of its basic words comes from Dated English, there’s also a considerable vocabulary you to comes away from Love (Latin and you may French). Most other affixes, eg “-ation”, much more limited.
Predicated on Hans Marchand, throughout the Classes and you can Brand of Establish-Big date English Word formation (University off Alabama Press, 1969), the fresh suffix -ize will come in the first place in the Greek -izo. Of several terms stop using this type of suffix introduced away from Ecclesiastical Greek on the Latin, in which, of the fourth 100 years, they had getting situated as the verbs on ending -izare, such as barbarizare, catechizare, christianizare. From inside the Dated French we discover of several eg verbs, that belong mainly on ecclesistical fields: baptiser (11th c.), canoniser (13th c.), exorciser (14th c.).
The original -ize terms found when you look at the English was money that have each other a French and you may Latin trend eg baptize (1297), catechize, and organize (each other fifteenth c.) By the end of your 16th century, yet not, we come across new formations inside the English, including bastardize, equalize, popularize, and you may womanize. The latest specialized and you can semantic habits was in fact exactly like those from the latest lent French and you can Latin versions, but using the latest revived examination of Greek, the newest knowledgeable had become a whole lot more familiar with their code and you may put new habits from Dated Greek word-formation easily.
Between 1580 and 1700, the latest disciplines of literature, medication, pure technology and you may theology produced a great deal of the terms with the words. A number of the words nonetheless in use now were criticize, fertilize, humanize, naturalize, satirize, sterilize, and signify. The growth out of research provided vast variety of -ize structures from the nineteenth millennium and you may on 20th.
The fresh new -ize terms collected by children inside in this group 9 years back show that -ize is almost completely simply for Relationship code, the sole exceptions we receive getting womanize and you will winterize. Even when most contemporary English audio system are not knowingly conscious of and this words within their words are from which supply, he’s got known so it difference into the coining the newest terms and conditions.
Component Construction regarding Terms and conditions
New constituent morphemes of a keyword will be structured to the good branching otherwise hierarchical design, often called a forest construction. Take into account the phrase useless . It includes about three morphemes:
- prefix “un-“
- verb stalk “use”
- suffix “-able”
What’s the framework? Will it be very first “use” + “-able” while making “usable”, next along side “un-” and make “unusable”? or is they very first “un-” + “use” and come up with “unuse”, upcoming and “-able” to make “unusable”? Because “unuse” cannot are present inside English, if you’re “usable” really does, we choose the earliest framework, hence represents the tree found below.
It investigation is backed by the entire choices of them affixes. You will find a beneficial prefix “un-” one links to help you adjectives and also make adjectives which have a bad definition (“unhurt”, “untrue”, “unhandy”, etc.). As there are a great suffix “-able” one to attaches to verbs and you can models adjectives (“believable”, “fixable”, “readable”). Thus giving you the study envisioned a lot more than. There is no way to combine a beneficial prefix “un-” individually on verb “use”, so the almost every other realistically-you are able to structure won’t jak poslat zprávu nÄ›komu na livelinks performs.
- prefix “un-“
- verb stem “lock”
- suffix “-able”
Now, whether or not, a little believe reveals united states that we now have a few some other definitions because of it phrase: one to corresponding to the new leftover-hand profile, meaning “perhaps not lockable,” another one comparable to the right-hand shape, meaning “able to be unlocked.”
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