Hover Travel and Bee Travel Variety Range

Bee Kinds Diversity

Off 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee variety (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) were trapped inside Calanques Federal Playground through each other web and you may pan pitfall series. It belonged to help you half dozen household and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually by far the most varieties-rich family relations, followed by Apidae and you can Halictidae, having 53, forty-two, and you can 43 types, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 are new wealthiest genus, having 33 kinds, while eight genera was in fact depicted because of the only 1 variety (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table step 1 [on the internet simply] ). Utilising the jackknife 1 and you can 2 indexes, the full bee kinds richness try projected becoming ranging from ± 9.89 and you will ± . Brand new seen richness therefore illustrated 71.step 3 to 79.6% of projected bee fullness ( Table 2). The fresh Chao1 means projected the fresh observed fullness become 76.8% of your own prospective limit richness ( Desk 2). The essential numerous varieties is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 people), accompanied by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and 168 anybody, respectively), and Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 anyone). Eventually, fifty kinds (26%) have been portrayed because of the only one individual (singletons).

Environmental Attributes off Bees

Regarding your ecological faculties out of nesting choices, we recognized 59 unmarried bee types nesting significantly more than crushed, ninety-five unmarried bee species nesting underground and you can 23 cleptoparasitic types, corresponding to 29.seven, 47.9, and you will twelve.0% of your complete bee species richness, respectively. I seen four social kinds (bumble bees and you will honey bees-dos.1%). Ultimately, the newest nesting choices out of fourteen varieties are still unknown (7.3%- Supp Table step one [on the web merely] ). About your floral diet plan of bee varieties, i learned that 105 species (54.7%) foraged on the numerous bush varieties (i.elizabeth., generalist species, polylectic) and you may 51 varieties (twenty six.5%) foraged on one bush family members or that/couple plant variety (i.age., professional varieties, oligolectic). On leftover 36 bee variety (18.8%), the new floral diet was not identified (elizabeth.grams., getting cleptoparasitic variety). Although not, very generalist variety exhibited a desires for 1 otherwise several bush family members ( Supp Table step 1 [on instanthookups app line merely] ). Towards forty-two singletons, fourteen bee types (28%) was in fact experts, and 9 bee variety (18%) was basically cleptoparasitic ( Supp Desk step one [on line simply] ).

An enthusiastic IUCN condition are readily available for 178 species (excluding the fresh new species buildings and you will unknown species). Some of those, 47 species was in fact categorized because studies deficient (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 types were least alarmed (LC-69.6%), half dozen kinds was indeed close threatened (NT-step 3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you can L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and another variety is believed endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk 1 [online only] ). Three oligolectic types was in fact among the 7 endangered bee kinds. An effective. ovatula and you can C. albomaculatus was experts with the Fabaceae, D. argentata is actually a professional to the Caprifoliaceae.

From 2009 to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was basically caught within the Calanques Federal Playground. They belonged to 24 genera ( Supp Table dos [on the internet just] ). By far the most numerous genera was in fact Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anyone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 somebody), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville for the Latreille, 1828 (13 some body), whereas 20 species (53%) were depicted from the one private ( Supp Table dos [on the web only] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was basically represented by 20 types, as well as four singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table step 3 [on the internet just] ). The new quote of complete variety fullness regarding hover flies and bee flies is actually between 83 and you will 97 types utilising the jackknife step 1 and you may 2 spiders, respectively. Consequently, the brand new noticed fullness portrayed 59.8–69.9% of your own projected hover travel and you will bee travel richness ( Table 2).