Hover Travel and you will Bee Travel Species Variety

Bee Kinds Assortment

Away from 2009 so you can 2018, 192 bee varieties (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was caught when you look at the Calanques National Playground via one another online and you may bowl pitfall series. It belonged in order to half dozen group and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually the essential species-steeped family relations, with Apidae and Halictidae, that have 53, 44, and you may 43 species, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 was brand new richest genus, which have 33 species, whereas seven genera have been illustrated because of the only 1 types (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table 1 [on the web simply] ). Using the jackknife step 1 and you can dos spiders, the full bee types fullness is estimated becoming ranging from ± nine.89 and you will ± . The fresh seen richness ergo illustrated 71.step 3 in order to 79.6% of one’s projected bee richness ( Desk dos). The Chao1 approach projected the latest seen richness as 76.8% of one’s potential limit fullness ( Desk dos). The essential plentiful types is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 somebody), followed by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you will 168 people, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 some one). Finally, fifty variety (26%) was indeed depicted of the singular how does luvfree work personal (singletons).

Ecological Faculties away from Bees

Regarding the environmental attributes off nesting choices, i identified 59 unmarried bee types nesting more than surface, ninety-five solitary bee species nesting below ground and you can 23 cleptoparasitic species, corresponding to 30.seven, 47.nine, and you may 12.0% of your own overall bee kinds richness, respectively. I detected four personal kinds (bumble bees and honey bees-dos.1%). Ultimately, brand new nesting choice out of 14 kinds will always be not familiar (7.3%- Supp Desk step 1 [online only] ). Regarding the flowery eating plan of bee kinds, we learned that 105 kinds (54.7%) foraged towards the numerous bush types (we.elizabeth., generalist species, polylectic) and you can 51 varieties (twenty-six.5%) foraged on one plant friends otherwise you to/few plant species (i.age., expert kinds, oligolectic). On the left thirty-six bee types (18.8%), this new flowery diet plan wasn’t known (age.g., having cleptoparasitic species). But not, really generalist types shown a preference for example otherwise a number of plant household ( Supp Table step 1 [on line simply] ). Into the 44 singletons, fourteen bee types (28%) was indeed specialist, and you will nine bee variety (18%) was indeed cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table 1 [on the internet simply] ).

An IUCN updates is designed for 178 variety (excluding the brand new variety complexes and unknown species). One of those, 47 varieties was basically categorized while the investigation lacking (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 species was basically minimum worried (LC-69.6%), half a dozen variety was indeed close threatened (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and something varieties was thought endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table step one [on the web merely] ). Around three oligolectic varieties have been among the many seven endangered bee variety. A good. ovatula and you can C. albomaculatus is pros for the Fabaceae, D. argentata is a specialist into Caprifoliaceae.

From 2009 to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was basically trapped for the Calanques National Playground. They belonged so you’re able to twenty-four genera ( Supp Dining table dos [on the internet only] ). The absolute most numerous genera was in fact Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 people), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 individuals), and you can Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville inside the Latreille, 1828 (13 some body), while 20 varieties (53%) have been illustrated of the only one individual ( Supp Table dos [on the web merely] ). Brand new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) have been illustrated by 20 variety, also four singletons (25%) ( Supp Desk 3 [on the internet merely] ). The brand new estimate out of overall kinds richness out-of hover flies and bee flies are between 83 and you can 97 species making use of the jackknife step one and you can 2 indexes, correspondingly. Consequently, brand new seen fullness represented 59.8–69.9% of your own projected hover travel and you will bee travel richness ( Dining table 2).